Nursing Administration and Management.

Exercise 1.1
Define the term administration?
Answer:

It is an enabling process involving the whole art of carrying into effect any policy, plan or undertaking, whether conceived by government, public and private sector.
For in its widest form administration embraces leadership, policy-making and planning.
In any work situation the three factors of administration involves:
Policy: what shall be done?
Organization: the co-ordination of the effort of the persons involved.
Execution: the carrying-out of the operation.

Exercise 1.2
Distinguish between administration as an organization and administration as a system.
Answer:

Administration as an institution refers to a group of people in charge of creating and enforcing rules and regulations.
While
Administration as a system refers to the various activities relating to the running of an organization.

Exercise 1.3
Define the term management.
Answer:

Management is the art of getting things done through others by directing their efforts towards achievement of pre-determined goals.

Exercise 1.4
Explain the eight (8) nature of administration
Answer:

Universality
This means that administration transcends every institution and organization.

Holistic
This means that administration applies to every facet of the life of an organization

Intangibility
This means that administration is abstract and untransferable. Hence, different organizations adopt different administrative approaches and styles.

Cyclical
This means that administration is an unending process of a set of activities

Goal Orientedness
This means that administration is results oriented and sensitive

Social and Human factors
This means that administration harmonizes and synergizes human efforts and talents

Dynamic
This means that administration is flexible, adaptable and adjustable

Creativity
This means that administration generates and regenerates new ideas, products, and technologies among others.

Exercise 1.5
Describe the (14) principles of administration by Henri Fayol
Answer:

Division of Labour
This is the breaking down of work into smaller sets of  task for high levels of specialization and efficiency based competence, experience and seniority

Authority, Responsibility and Accountability (Hierarchy)
This is the performance of a schedule (task) based on a given mandate  through qualification, job description and  experience under  an approved reporting system
Hierarchy refers to the pattern of reporting or the formal line of authority in an organizational structure.

Discipline
This is the strict observance of rules, regulations, norms, manners, code of ethics/conduct and their enforcement

Unity of Direction
This means that all orders and directives must spring from one source (head) and there must be only one plan controlling the overall direction of the organization.

Subordination of individual interest (Unity of direction)
This means that Individual narrow interest must succumb to the larger societal/organization interest.
Unity of direction means having one goal or one objective for the team to pursue; hence all members of the organization should put their efforts together towards the attainment of their common goal or objective.

Remuneration of personnel:
This means that the payment of service rendered must be fair and equitable to both the employer and employee

Centralization
This means that greater autonomy must rest with the top level managers and appropriateness to the circumstances

Scalar chain of command
This means that there should be proper hierarchy of grades from the bottom to the top.
IE. Directional instructions from the top level to the lowest rank of organizational members in the hierarchy

Order
This is the proper deployment resources (staff, equipment and materials) in achieving goals of the organization

Equity
This means there should be fairness and impartiality in treating to all workers irrespective of their status.

Stability of tenure of office
This is the secured and guaranteed tenure of work to ensure continuity, commitment, security and efficiency

Initiative
Tis means being ingenious, creative and independent in originating ideas

Esprit de corps
This means harmony and unity are essential for singleness of purpose in achieving the goals of the organization.
The principle of ‘esprit d’ corps’ refers to promoting harmony in the workplace, which is essential in maintaining a climate conducive to work.

Unity of Command:
This means that each worker should have one boss or head
The principle of unity of command means that employees should receive orders coming from only one manager and not from two managers. This averts the possibility of sowing confusion among the members of the organization





References

Sarwar K.B, Khatun M.R. Nursing Administration and Management. Bangladesh Open University,2007. 984-34-4025-0

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